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Elastic element (core): Cylindrical helical springs are usually used (mostly made of high-strength spring steel such as 60Si2Mn). They are responsible for providing the main elastic supporting force, absorbing the displacement caused by vibration, and achieving a "buffering" effect through elastic deformation. The wire diameter, number of coils, and free height of the spring are designed according to the load-bearing requirements to ensure that no permanent deformation occurs under the rated load.
Damping element (key): Common types include rubber damping blocks (nitrile rubber, natural rubber, etc.), hydraulic dampers (oil damping) or friction damping structures. The damping element is connected in parallel or in series with the spring to consume vibration energy — preventing the spring from vibrating back and forth due to "pure elasticity" (a sharp increase in amplitude during resonance) and converting mechanical energy into heat energy for dissipation.
Metal shell / connecting parts: Mostly made of Q235 steel or stainless steel, they play the role of fixing the spring and protecting the damping element, and at the same time provide connection interfaces with the equipment / foundation (such as top bolt holes, bottom mounting plates) to ensure installation stability.